{"best_oa_location":{"endpoint_id":null,"evidence":"deprecated","host_type":"publisher","is_best":true,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_date":"2025-05-21","pmh_id":null,"repository_institution":null,"updated":"deprecated","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09005-y.pdf","url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y","url_for_pdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09005-y.pdf","version":"publishedVersion"},"data_standard":2,"doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y","doi_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y","first_oa_location":{"endpoint_id":null,"evidence":"deprecated","host_type":"publisher","is_best":true,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_date":"2025-05-21","pmh_id":null,"repository_institution":null,"updated":"deprecated","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09005-y.pdf","url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y","url_for_pdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09005-y.pdf","version":"publishedVersion"},"genre":"journal-article","has_repository_copy":true,"is_oa":true,"is_paratext":false,"journal_is_in_doaj":false,"journal_is_oa":false,"journal_issn_l":"0028-0836","journal_issns":"0028-0836,1476-4687","journal_name":"Nature","oa_locations":[{"endpoint_id":null,"evidence":"deprecated","host_type":"publisher","is_best":true,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_date":"2025-05-21","pmh_id":null,"repository_institution":null,"updated":"deprecated","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09005-y.pdf","url_for_landing_page":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09005-y","url_for_pdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09005-y.pdf","version":"publishedVersion"},{"endpoint_id":"ac9de7698155b820de7","evidence":"deprecated","host_type":"repository","is_best":false,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_date":"2025-05-21","pmh_id":"oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12119322","repository_institution":"National Institutes of Health","updated":"deprecated","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12119322/pdf/41586_2025_Article_9005.pdf","url_for_landing_page":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12119322","url_for_pdf":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12119322/pdf/41586_2025_Article_9005.pdf","version":"submittedVersion"},{"endpoint_id":"5aee1b3c3af727575e8","evidence":"deprecated","host_type":"repository","is_best":false,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_date":"2025-05-21","pmh_id":"oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/384854","repository_institution":"University of Cambridge","updated":"deprecated","url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/b91da9b9-020d-4b21-8fee-9f5ffa291b60/download","url_for_landing_page":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/384854","url_for_pdf":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/b91da9b9-020d-4b21-8fee-9f5ffa291b60/download","version":"submittedVersion"},{"endpoint_id":"5aee1b3c3af727575e8","evidence":"deprecated","host_type":"repository","is_best":false,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_date":"2025-05-21","pmh_id":"oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/385774","repository_institution":"University of Cambridge","updated":"deprecated","url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/d03d2401-0ae7-48f4-9c81-9f48b03f1c50/download","url_for_landing_page":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/385774","url_for_pdf":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/d03d2401-0ae7-48f4-9c81-9f48b03f1c50/download","version":"submittedVersion"}],"oa_locations_embargoed":[],"oa_status":"hybrid","published_date":"2025-05-21","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","title":"A foundation model for the Earth system","updated":"2026-07-21T08:34:15Z","year":2025,"z_authors":[{"author_position":"first","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","Silurian AI, Kirkland, WA, USA"],"raw_author_name":"Cristian Bodnar"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_author_name":"Wessel P. Bruinsma"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_author_name":"Ana Lucic"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_author_name":"Megan Stanley"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_author_name":"Anna Allen"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria","Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_author_name":"Johannes Brandstetter"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_author_name":"Patrick Garvan"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_author_name":"Maik Riechert"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_author_name":"Jonathan A. Weyn"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_author_name":"Haiyu Dong"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","Silurian AI, Kirkland, WA, USA"],"raw_author_name":"Jayesh K. Gupta"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_author_name":"Kit Thambiratnam"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_author_name":"Alexander T. Archibald"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_author_name":"Chun-Chieh Wu"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Heider"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_author_name":"Max Welling"},{"author_position":"middle","is_corresponding":false,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Alan Turing Institute, London, UK","Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_author_name":"Richard E. Turner"},{"author_position":"last","is_corresponding":true,"raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, AI for Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pgp@seas.upenn.edu","University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. pgp@seas.upenn.edu"],"raw_author_name":"Paris Perdikaris"}]}